The Modulation of Synaptic Transmission by the Glial Purinergic System
نویسندگان
چکیده
Accumulating evidence indicates that bioactive substances produced by glia play an important role in the modulation of synaptic transmission. Astrocytes and microglia express many types of P2 purinoceptors and the stimulation of these receptors causes the release of bioactive substances, termed “gliotransmitters”, such as ATP, glutamate and cytokines. Gliotransmitters are able to modulate synaptic transmission. In this article, the P2X4R and P2Y12R systems of microglia, which modulate the synaptic transmission between dorsal root ganglion neurons and dorsal horn neurons, are described. In addition, the role of the astrocyte purinergic system in synaptic transmission is discussed. The modulation of synaptic transmission by glial purinergic systems is a novel perspective on the regulation of brain and nerve function and is a new target for the development of medicines.
منابع مشابه
Glial modulation of synaptic transmission in the retina.
Glial modulation of synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability in the mammalian retina is mediated by several mechanisms. Stimulation of glial cells evokes Ca(2+) waves, which propagate through the network of retinal astrocytes and Müller cells and result in the modulation of the activity of neighboring ganglion cells. Light-evoked spiking is enhanced in some ganglion cells and depressed i...
متن کاملATP Hysteresis in Tripartite Synapses
Recent experimental studies strongly suggest the influence of glial purinergic transmission in the modulation of synaptic dynamics. By releasing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which accumulates as adenosine, astrocytes tonically suppressed synaptic transmission. The delayed multi-step feedback of the glial adenosine with the neuron suggest the existence of hysteresis phenomena, which are investi...
متن کاملP19: Long-Term Potentiation
The term synaptic plasticity points to a series of persistent changes related to the activity of synapses. Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a reflection of synaptic plasticity that has an important role in learning and memory. LTP is a long-lasting increase of synaptic activity due to enhancement of excitatory synaptic transmission after a high-frequency train of electrical stimulations. Differe...
متن کاملNeuronal and glial purinergic receptors functions in neuron development and brain disease
Brain development requires the interaction of complex signaling pathways, involving different cell types and molecules. For a long time, most attention has focused on neurons in a neuronocentric conceptualization of central nervous system development, these cells fulfilling an intrinsic program that establishes the brain's morphology and function. By contrast, glia have mainly been studied as s...
متن کاملPurinergic receptors and their activation by endogenous purines at perisynaptic glial cells of the frog neuromuscular junction.
Glial cells are closely associated with synapses and are modulated by neurotransmitters released during synaptic transmission. At many synapses, ATP is released during synaptic transmission and is involved in cell-cell signaling. Since glial cells have purinoceptors, it is possible that ATP mediates synaptic neuron-glia signaling. This work aims at determining which types of purinoceptors are p...
متن کامل